1And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and he called the elders of Israel, and their heads, and their judges, and their officers; and they presented themselves before God. |
|
אוַיֶּֽאֱסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּלְרָאשָׁ֗יו וּלְשֹֽׁפְטָיו֙ וּלְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים: |
2And Joshua said to the whole nation, "Thus said the Lord God of Israel, 'Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the river from earliest time, Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor; and they served other gods. |
|
בוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָה֘ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָֽשְׁב֚וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַֽאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּֽעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים: |
3And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the river, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac. |
|
גוָֽ֠אֶקַּ֠ח אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֚ם אֶת־אַבְרָהָם֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָֽאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אוֹת֖וֹ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וָֽאַרְבֶּ֙ה (כתיב וָֽאַרְבֶּ֙) אֶת־זַרְע֔וֹ וָֽאֶתֶּן־ל֖וֹ אֶת־יִצְחָֽק: |
and multiplied his seed. Heb. וְאַרְבֶּה. defective הא (וְאַרְבּ) [from the root ריב, to quarrel] How many quarrels and tests did I cause him to endure before I gave him seed. |
|
וָאַרְבֶּה אֶת זַרְעוֹ.
חֲסַר הֵ"א, כַּמָּה מְרִיבוֹת וְנִסְיוֹנוֹת עָשִׂיתִי עִמּוֹ, עַד שֶׁלֹּא נָתַתִּי לוֹ זֶרַע.
|
4And I gave to Isaac Jacob and Esau; and I gave to Esau Mount Seir to inherit it; and Jacob and his children went down into Egypt. |
|
דוָֽאֶתֵּ֣ן לְיִצְחָ֔ק אֶֽת־יַֽעֲקֹ֖ב וְאֶת־עֵשָֹ֑ו וָֽאֶתֵּ֨ן לְעֵשָֹ֜ו אֶת־הַ֚ר שֵׂעִיר֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אוֹת֔וֹ וְיַֽעֲקֹ֥ב וּבָנָ֖יו יָֽרְד֥וּ מִצְרָֽיִם: |
5And I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued the Egyptians, according to that which I did in their midst; and afterward I brought you out. |
|
הוָֽאֶשְׁלַ֞ח אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֚ה וְאֶֽת־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וָֽאֶגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֹ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחַ֖ר הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶֽם: |
6And I brought your fathers out of Egypt, and you came to the sea; and the Egyptians pursued your fathers with chariots and horsemen to the Red Sea. |
|
ווָֽאוֹצִ֚יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַתָּבֹ֖אוּ הַיָּ֑מָּה וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַֽחֲרֵ֧י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם בְּרֶ֥כֶב וּבְפָֽרָשִׁ֖ים יַם־סֽוּף: |
7And they cried to the Lord, and He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon him, and it covered him. And your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt. And you sojourned in the wilderness many days. |
|
זוַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהֹוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּֽינֵיכֶ֣ם | וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֜א עָלָ֚יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִֹ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּֽשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים: |
and brought the sea upon him. i.e., upon each individual among them, for if one escaped entering into the sea, a wave of the sea would pursue him and overtake him. |
|
וַיָּבֵא עָלָיו אֶת הַיָּם.
עַל כָּל יָחִיד וְיָחִיד שֶׁבָּהֶם, שֶׁאִם הָיָה הַיָּחִיד בּוֹרֵחַ שֶׁלֹּא לִיכָּנֵס בַּיָּם, גַּל שֶׁל יָם רוֹדֵף אַחֲרָיו וְקוֹלְטוֹ.
|
8And I brought you to the land of the Amorites, who dwelt on the other side of the Jordan, and they waged war with you; and I delivered them into your hand, and you inherited their land; and I destroyed them from before you. |
|
חוָֽאָבִ֣יא (כתיב וָֽאָבִ֣אה) אֶתְכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֚רֶץ הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם וָֽאֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֚ם בְּיֶדְכֶם֙ וַתִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם וָֽאַשְׁמִידֵ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם: |
9Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and he sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you. |
|
טוַיָּ֨קָם בָּלָ֚ק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א לְבִלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר לְקַלֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶֽם: |
10And I did not want to hearken to Balaam, and he blessed you; so I delivered you out of his hand. |
|
יוְלֹ֥א אָבִ֖יתִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ לְבִלְעָ֑ם וַיְבָ֚רֶךְ בָּרוֹךְ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וָֽאַצִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ: |
11And you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho; and the inhabitants of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. |
|
יאוַתַּֽעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֘ וַתָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־יְרִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּלָּֽחֲמ֣וּ בָכֶ֣ם בַּֽעֲלֵי־יְ֠רִיח֠וֹ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֨י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י וְהַֽכְּנַֽעֲנִ֗י וְהַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י הַֽחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וָֽאֶתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם: |
and the inhabitants of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, etc.. All seven nations are mentioned here, since Jericho is situated on the border, and it was the bolt and lock [i.e., the fortification] of Eretz Israel, and the heroic soldiers of all the seven nations assembled therein. |
|
וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ בָכֶם בַּעֲלֵי יְרִיחוֹ הָאֱמוֹרִי וְהַפְּרִזִּי וְגוֹמֵר.
כָּל שִׁבְעָה הָעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים נִזְכָּרִין כָּאן, לְפִי שֶׁיְּרִיחוֹ עוֹמֶדֶת עַל הַסְּפָר, וְהָיְתָה נִגְרָהּ וּמַנְעוּלָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל נִקְבְּצוּ לְתוֹכָהּ מִכָּל שִׁבְעָה הָאוּמּוֹת גִּבּוֹרֵי הֶחָיִל.
|
12And I sent the hornet before you, and it drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with your sword, nor with your bow. |
|
יבוָֽאֶשְׁלַ֚ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֚רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָֽאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ: |
13And I have given you a land for which you did not labor, and cities which you did not build, and you have settled in them; of the vineyards and oliveyards which you did not plant, you eat. |
|
יגוָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ | אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֚ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹֽכְלִֽים: |
14And now fear the Lord, and serve Him in sincerity and in truth; and remove the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the river and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. |
|
ידוְעַתָּ֞ה יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֛ה וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּתָמִ֣ים וּבֶֽאֱמֶ֑ת וְהָסִ֣ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ עָֽבְד֨וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֵ֚בֶר הַנָּהָר֙ וּבְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְעִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה: |
15And if it displeases you to serve the Lord, choose this day whom you will serve, whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the river, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell, but as for me and my household, we shall serve the Lord." |
|
טווְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַֽעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהֹוָ֗ה בַּֽחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֘ אֶת־מִ֣י תַֽעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָֽבְד֣וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר (כתיב בֵּעֵ֣בֶר) הַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹֽשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָֽנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַֽעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה: |
16And the nation answered and said, "God forbid that we should forsake the Lord, to serve other gods; |
|
טזוַיַּ֚עַן הָעָם֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֔נוּ מֵֽעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־יְהֹוָ֑ה לַֽעֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים: |
17For the Lord our God, it is He Who brought us and our fathers up from the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and Who performed these great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way that we went and among all the peoples through whom we passed. |
|
יזכִּ֚י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוּא֩ הַמַּעֲלֶ֨ה אֹתָ֧נוּ וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛ינוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים וַֽאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָֹ֣ה לְעֵינֵ֗ינוּ אֶת־הָֽאֹת֚וֹת הַגְּדֹלוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַֽיִּשְׁמְרֵ֗נוּ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣כְנוּ בָ֔הּ וּבְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם: |
18And the Lord drove out all the nations, and the Amorites who dwell in the land, from before us; we too shall serve the Lord for He is our God." |
|
יחוַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָֽאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַֽעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ: |
19And Joshua said to the people, "You will not be able to serve the Lord, for He is a holy God: He is a jealous God: He will not forgive your trangressions or your sins. |
|
יטוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם לֹ֚א תֽוּכְלוּ֙ לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים קְדֹשִׁ֖ים ה֑וּא אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא לֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֥א לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם וּלְחַטֹּֽאותֵיכֶֽם: |
a holy God. Heb. אֱלֹהִים קְדֹשִים, a plural form. In most places, every expression of lordship appears in the plural form, like: “The lord of (אֲדוֹנֵי) the land”; “Joseph’s master (אֲדוֹנֵי)”, “if his master (בְּעָלָיו) is with him”; “that God (אֱלֹהִים) went (הָלְכוּ) to redeem,” because this name (אֱלֹהִים) is a name of majesty. |
|
אֱלֹהִים קְדוֹשִׁים.
בְּרוֹב מְקוֹמוֹת נִקְרָא כָּל לְשׁוֹן רַבָּנוּת לְשׁוֹן רַבִּים, כְּמוֹ (בראשית מב ל): אֲדֹנֵי הָאָרֶץ, (שם לט כ): אֲדֹנֵי יוֹסֵף, (שמות כב יד) : אִם בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ, (שמואל ב כ כג): אֲשֶׁר הָלְכוּ אֱלֹהִים לִפְדּוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁהַשֵּׁם הַזֶּה שֵׁם שְׂרָרָה הוּא.
|
20When you forsake the Lord and serve strange gods, then He will turn and do you evil, and destroy you, after He has done you good." |
|
ככִּ֚י תַֽעַזְבוּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה וַֽעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וְשָׁ֨ב וְהֵרַ֚ע לָכֶם֙ וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אַֽחֲרֵ֖י אֲשֶׁר־הֵיטִ֥יב לָכֶֽם: |
21And the people said to Joshua, "No, but we will serve the Lord." |
|
כאוַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ לֹ֕א כִּ֥י אֶת־יְהֹוָ֖ה נַֽעֲבֹֽד: |
22And Joshua said to the people, "You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen the Lord for yourselves, to serve Him." And they said, "[We are] witnesses." |
|
כבוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֚ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַֽיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים: |
“You are witnesses against yourselves…”. Joshua foresaw that they would contest [this covenant] in the days of Ezekiel, and say, “Let us be like the nations.” Therefore, he made it more difficult now. He therefore, answered them in the days of Ezekiel, “And that which enters your thoughts, shall not come to pass, etc. As I live, etc., surely with a strong hand, etc.” You have already accepted upon yourselves in the days of Joshua. And you shall not say, “The covenant which we accepted upon ourselves in the days of Moses, we did only in order to enter the Land,” for in the days of Joshua you had already entered and you [nevertheless] accepted [the covenant]. |
|
עֵדִים אַתֶּם בָּכֶם.
רָאָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁעֲתִידִין לְעַרְעֵר בִּימֵי יְחֶזְקֵאל וְלוֹמַר (יחזקאל כ לב): נִהְיֶה כַגּוֹיִם, לְפִיכָךְ הִכְבִּיד עֲלֵיהֶם עַכְשָׁיו, וּלְכָךְ הוּשַׁב לָהֶם בִּימֵי יְחֶזְקֵאל (שם פסוקים לב לג): וְהָעֹלָה עַל רוּחֲכֶם הָיֹה לֹא תִהְיֶה וְגוֹמֵר, חַי אֲנִי אִם לֹא בְיַד חֲזָקָה וְגוֹמֵר, כְּבָר קִבַּלְתֶּם עֲלֵיכֶם בִּימֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, וְלֹא תֹּאמְרוּ מַה שֶּׁקִּבַּלְנוּ עָלֵינוּ בִּימֵי משֶׁה כְּדֵי לִיכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ עָשִׂינוּ, הֲרֵי בִּימֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כְּבָר נִכְנַסְתֶּם וְקִבַּלְתֶּם.
|
23"And now," [said he,] "remove the strange gods which are among you, and incline your heart to the Lord God of Israel." |
|
כגוְעַתָּ֕ה הָסִ֛ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַנֵּכָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
24And the people said to Joshua, "The Lord our God we shall serve, and to His voice we shall hearken." |
|
כדוַֽיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֚ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֔ד וּבְקוֹל֖וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע: |
25And Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. |
|
כהוַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בְּרִ֛ית לָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט בִּשְׁכֶֽם: |
and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. He arranged for them there, the statutes of the Torah, and they accepted them upon themselves. |
|
וַיָּשֶׂם לוֹ חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט בִּשְׁכֶם.
סִידֵּר לָהֶם שָׁם הַחֻקִּים שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה וְקִבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם.
|
26And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone, and set it under the doorpost which is in the sanctuary of the Lord. |
|
כווַיִּכְתֹּ֚ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם תַּ֚חַת הָֽאַלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ יְהֹוָֽה: |
And Joshua wrote, etc.. Jonathan renders: And Joshua wrote these words and placed them in the Book of the Law of God. In the Tractate Makkoth, however, there is a divergence of opinion between two Amoraim. One says: These are the eight verses from: “And Moses died there,” until: “To the eyes of all Israel,”; for the scroll of the Law was incomplete, and he completed it. The other one says: This chapter of refuge cities he wrote in his Book, as they were written in the Book of the Law. |
|
וַיִּכְתֹּב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְגוֹמֵר.
תַּרְגּוּם יוֹנָתָן: וְכָתַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יַת פִּתְגָּמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין וְאַצְנְעִינוּן בְּסֵפֶר אוֹרָיְיתָא דַה', וּבְמַסֶּכֶת מַכּוֹת (יא א) נֶחְלְקוּ אֲמוֹרָאִים: חַד אָמַר אֵלּוּ שְׁמוֹנָה פְּסוּקִים (דברים לד ה-יב) מִן 'וַיָּמֹת משֶׁה' עַד 'לְעֵינֵי כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל', שֶׁהֲרֵי סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה חָסֵר וְהִשְׁלִימוֹ, וְחַד אָמַר פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ שֶׁל עָרֵי מִקְלָט כָּתַב בְּסִפְרוֹ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ כְּתוּבִים בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה.
|
under the doorpost. Heb. הָאַלָּה תַּחַת. [Jonathan renders] תְּחוֹת אַלְתָא. This is the doorpost of the entrance, as it is stated: “The doorposts (האיל) having five angles, and one measure for the doorposts.” Others say that this was the oak near Shechem, about which it is written in connection with Jacob: “And Jacob hid them [the idols and their ornaments] under the oak (הָאֵלָה).” |
|
תַּחַת הָאַלָּה.
(תַּרְגּוּם:) תְּחוֹת אַלְּתָא, הִיא מְזוּזוֹת הַפֶּתַח, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ו לא): הָאַיִל מְזוּזוֹת חֲמִשִׁית, וּמִדָּה אַחַת לָאֵלִים, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים זוֹ הָאֵלָה אֲשֶׁר עִם שְׁכֶם, שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּיַעֲקֹב (בראשית לה ד): וַיִּטְמֹן אֹתָם יַעֲקֹב תַּחַת הָאֵלָה.
|
which is in the sanctuary of the Lord. [This was not a permanent sanctuary, but it was called “the sanctuary of the Lord,”] because they brought the Ark there, as it is stated above: “And they presented themselves before God.” |
|
אֲשֶׁר בְּמִקְדַּשׁ ה'.
כְּלַפֵּי שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ שָׁם אֶת הָאֲרוֹן, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְמַעְלָה (פסוק א): וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים.
|
27And Joshua said to all the people, "Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us, for it has heard all the words of the Lord which He spoke to us; it shall be a witness against you, lest you deny your God." |
|
כזוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם הִנֵּ֨ה הָאֶ֚בֶן הַזֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣נוּ לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּי־הִ֣יא שָֽׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָֽיְתָ֚ה בָכֶם֙ לְעֵדָ֔ה פֶּֽן־תְּכַֽחֲשׁ֖וּן בֵּאלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם: |
“Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us, etc.”. Jonathan paraphrases: This stone shall be to us even as the two stone tablets of the covenant, for we have made it for a witness, for the words which are written thereon are similar to the words of the Lord which He spoke to us. We can also interpret this according to its simple meaning: for it has heard the words which I have spoken to you as a messenger of the Omnipresent. |
|
הָאֶבֶן הַזֹּאת תִּהְיֶה בָּנוּ לְעֵדָה וגו'.
(תַּרְגּוּם:) הָא אַבְנָא הָדָא תְּהֵי לָנָא כִּתְרֵין לוּחֵי אֶבֶן דִּקְיָימָה אֲרֵי יָתָהּ עֲבַדְנָא לְסַהֲדוּ אֲרֵי פִּתְגָּמַיָּא דִּכְתִיבִין עֲלָהּ מֵעֵין כָּל פִּתְגָמַיָא דַּה' דְּמַלֵיל עִמָּנָא. וְגַם יֵשׁ לְפוֹתְרוֹ כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ, כִּי הִיא שָׁמְעָה אֶת הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי לָכֶם בִּשְׁלִיחוּתוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם.
|
28And Joshua sent the people away, every man to his inheritance. |
|
כחוַיְשַׁלַּ֚ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ: |
29And it was after these things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being a hundred and ten years old. |
|
כטוַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהֹוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים: |
30And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-serah, which is in Mount Ephraim, on the north side of the hill of Gaash. |
|
לוַיִּקְבְּר֚וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַֽחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ: |
in Timnath-serah. So was its name. Elsewhere the Scripture calls is Timnath heres, because they set up a figure of the sun upon his grave. [חֶרֶס means sun, as in Jud. 8:13, 14:18, Job 9:7.] I.e., this is the one who caused the sun to stand still. And anyone who passes by it, says, "Woe to this one who performed such a great feat and died." Others say: its name was Timnath-heres, and why was it called Timnath-serah? Because its fruits would rot (מַסְרִיחִין) because of their great richness. |
|
בְּתִמְנַת סֶרַח.
כָּךְ שְׁמָהּ, וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר (שופטים ב ט) הוּא קוֹרֵא אוֹתָהּ 'תִּמְנַת חֵרֶס', עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּ תְּמוּנַת הַחַמָּה עַל קִבְרוֹ (של יהושע), לוֹמַר זֶה הוּא שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד הַחַמָּה, וְכָל הָעוֹבֵר עָלֶיהָ אוֹמֵר חֲבָל עַל זֶה שֶׁעָשָׂה דָּבָר גָּדוֹל כָּזֶה וָמֵת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, תִּמְנַת חֵרֶס שְׁמָהּ, וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ תִּמְנַת סֶרַח, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁפֵּירוֹתֶיהָ מַסְרִיחִין מֵרוֹב שֻׁמָּנַן.
|
of the hill of Gaash. teaches us that the hill stormed forth (גָּעַשׁ) upon them to kill them, because they did not eulogize him properly. |
|
לְהַר גָּעַשׁ.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁרָעַשׁ עֲלֵיהֶם הָהָר לְהוֹרְגָם לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הִסְפִּידוּהוּ כָּרָאוּי.
|
31And Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and who had known all the works of the Lord, that He had done for Israel. |
|
לאוַיַּֽעֲבֹ֚ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל | יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶֽאֱרִ֚יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַֽחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָֽדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַֽעֲשֵֹ֣ה יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֹ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
outlived. הֶאֱרִיכוּ יָמִים. lit., Their days were lengthened but their years were not lengthened because they were punished. |
|
הֶאֱרִיכוּ יָמִים.
יָמִים הֶאֱרִיכוּ, שָׁנִים לֹא הֶאֱרִיכוּ, שֶׁנֶּעֶנְשׁוּ.
|
32And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel had brought up out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem, in the parcel of ground which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem, for a hundred pieces of money; and they became the inheritance of the children of Joseph. |
|
לבוְאֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵ֠ף אֲשֶׁר־הֶֽעֱל֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל | מִמִּצְרַ֘יִם֘ קָֽבְר֣וּ בִשְׁכֶם֒ בְּחֶלְקַ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָנָ֧ה יַֽעֲקֹ֛ב מֵאֵ֛ת בְּנֵֽי־חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְנַֽחֲלָֽה: |
they buried in Shechem. From Shechem they kidnapped him; therefore to Shechem they returned him. |
|
קָבְרוּ בִּשְׁכֶם.
מִשְּׁכֶם גְּנָבוּהוּ, לִשְׁכֶם הֶחֱזִירוּהוּ.
|
33And Eleazar the son of Aaron died; and they buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given to him in Mount Ephraim. |
|
לגוְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּֽן־אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן מֵ֑ת וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּגִבְעַת֙ פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בְּנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּן־ל֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם: |
in the hill of Phinehas his son. Whence did Phinehas receive a part in the Land of Israel [if not from his father]? He inherited it from his wife. |
|
בְּגִבְעַת פִּינְחָס בְּנוֹ.
מֵהֵיכָן הָיָה לוֹ לְפִינְחָס חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁיָּרַשׁ מֵאִשְׁתּוֹ.
|