| 1Moses spoke to the children of Israel in accordance with all that the Lord had commanded Moses. |
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אוַיֹּ֥אמֶר משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה: |
| Moses spoke to the children of Israel: [This verse is written] to make a pause; [these are] the words of R. Ishmael. Since up to this point the words of the Omnipresent [were stated], and the [following] chapter dealing with vows begins with the words of Moses, it was necessary to make a break first and say that Moses repeated this chapter [of offerings] to Israel, for if not so, it would imply that he did not tell this to them, but began his address with the chapter discussing vows. — [Sifrei Pinchas 57] |
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וַיֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:
לְהַפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, לְפִי שֶׁעַד כָּאן דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם וּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים מַתְחֶלֶת בְּדִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה, הֻצְרַךְ לְהַפְסִיק תְּחִלָּה וְלוֹמַר שֶׁחָזַר מֹשֶׁה וְאֲמָרָהּ פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן, יֵשׁ בְּמַשְׁמַע שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לָהֶם זוֹ, אֶלָּא בְּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים הִתְחִיל דְּבָרָיו:
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| 2Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the children of Israel, saying: This is the thing the Lord has commanded. |
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בוַיְדַבֵּ֤ר משֶׁה֙ אֶל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הַמַּטּ֔וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָֽה: |
| the heads of the tribes: He honored the chieftains by teaching them first, and only later the rest of the Israelites. How do we know that he did so with other statements? For it says, “[Moses called to them] and Aaron and all the princes of the community returned to him, and Moses would speak to them. Afterwards, all the children of Israel would draw near” (Exod. 34:31-32). [If so,] why did [Scripture] see fit to mention it here? It is to teach us that annulment of vows may be performed by a single expert, and if no single expert is available, it may be annulled by three laymen. Alternatively, perhaps Moses related this passage to the princes alone? However, here it says, “This is the word,” and in [the chapter dealing with] sacrifices slaughtered outside the Temple confines it [also] says, “This is the word” (Lev. 17:2). Just as there it was said to Aaron, his sons and all the Israelites, as it says, “Speak to Aaron, etc.” (Lev. 17:2), so in this case was it said to all of them. — [Ned. 78a] |
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רָאשֵׁי הַמַּטּוֹת:
חָלַק כָּבוֹד לַנְּשִׂיאִים לְלַמְּדָם תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ לְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל; וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף שְׁאָר הַדִּבְּרוֹת כֵּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שמות ל"ד) "וַיָּשֻׁבוּ אֵלָיו אַהֲרֹן וְכָל הַנְּשִׂאִים בָּעֵדָה וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם, וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן נִגְּשׁוּ כָּל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל". וּמָה רָאָה לְאָמְרָהּ כָּאן? לִמֵּד שֶׁהֲפָרַת נְדָרִים בְּיָחִיד מֻמְחֶה, וְאִם אֵין יָחִיד מֻמְחֶה, מֵפֵר בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה הֶדְיוֹטוֹת; אוֹ יָכוֹל שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר מֹשֶׁה פָרָשָׁה זוֹ אֶלָּא לַנְּשִׂיאִים בִּלְבַד? נֶאֱמַר כָּאן "זֶה הַדָּבָר" וְנֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁחוּטֵי חוּץ (ויקרא י"ז) "זֶה הַדָּבָר", מַה לְּהַלָּן נֶאֶמְרָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו וּלְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "דַּבֵּר אֶל אַהֲרֹן" וְגוֹ' — אַף זוֹ נֶאֶמְרָה לְכֻלָּן (ספרי; נדרים ע"ח):
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| This is the thing: Moses prophesied with, “So says the Lord, 'At the dividing point of the night… ’” (Exod. 11:4), and the prophets prophesied with [the phrase] “So says the Lord.” But Moses surpassed them, for he prophesied with the expression, “This is the thing.” Another interpretation: “This is the thing” is exclusive, informing us that a sage [revokes a vow] with the expression הַתָּרָה,“release” and the husband through the expression הִפָרָה “revocation,” as Scripture has here. If they exchange [these terms] there is neither a release nor a revocation. — [Sifrei Mattoth 2] |
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זֶה הַדָּבָר:
מֹשֶׁה נִתְנַבֵּא בְּ"כֹה אָמַר ה' כַּחֲצֹת הַלַּיְלָה" (שמות י"א) וְהַנְּבִיאִים נִתְנַבְּאוּ בְּ"כֹה אָמַר ה'", מוּסָף עֲלֵיהֶם מֹשֶׁה שֶׁנִּתְנַבֵּא בִּלְשׁוֹן "זֶה הַדָּבָר". דָּבָר אַחֵר — זה הדבר מִעוּט הוּא, לוֹמַר שֶׁהֶחָכָם בִּלְשׁוֹן הַתָּרָה, וּבַעַל בִּלְשׁוֹן הֲפָרָה, כִּלְשׁוֹן הַכָּתוּב כָּאן, וְאִם חִלְּפוּ — אֵין מֻתָּר וְאֵין מוּפָר (ספרי; נדרים ע"ז):
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| 3If a man makes a vow to the Lord or makes an oath to prohibit himself, he shall not violate his word; according to whatever came out of his mouth, he shall do. |
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גאִישׁ֩ כִּֽי־יִדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר לַֽיהֹוָ֗ה אֽוֹ־הִשָּׁ֤בַע שְׁבֻעָה֙ לֶאְסֹ֤ר אִסָּר֙ עַל־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יַחֵ֖ל דְּבָר֑וֹ כְּכָל־הַיֹּצֵ֥א מִפִּ֖יו יַֽעֲשֶֽׂה: |
| a vow: By saying, “It shall be prohibited just like a sacrifice, that I will not eat, or I will not do a certain thing.” One might think that even if he swears to eat carrion, I apply to him “according to whatever came out of his mouth, he shall do.” Scripture therefore states, “to prohibit”-to prohibit what is permitted, but not to permit what is prohibited. — [Sifrei Mattoth 7] |
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נֶדֶר:
הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי קוֹנָם שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא אֶעֱשֶׂה דָבָר פְּלוֹנִי; יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁבַּע שֶׁיֹּאכַל נְבֵלוֹת אֲנִי קוֹרֵא עָלָיו כְּכָל הַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיו יַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר לאסר אסר — לֶאֱסֹר אֶת הַמֻּתָּר וְלֹא לְהַתִּיר אֶת הָאָסוּר (ספרי):
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| he shall not violate his word: Heb. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ, like לֹא יְחַלֵּל דְּבָרוֹ “he shall not profane his word,” he shall not treat his word as being unholy. — [Sifrei Mattoth 8] |
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לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ:
כְּמוֹ לֹא יְחַלֵּל דְּבָרוֹ — לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה דְּבָרוֹ חֻלִּין (שם):
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| 4If a woman makes a vow to the Lord, or imposes a prohibition [upon herself] while in her father's house, in her youth, |
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דוְאִשָּׁ֕ה כִּֽי־תִדֹּ֥ר נֶ֖דֶר לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וְאָֽסְרָ֥ה אִסָּ֛ר בְּבֵ֥ית אָבִ֖יהָ בִּנְעֻרֶֽיהָ: |
| while in her father’s house: Under her father’s jurisdiction, even if she is not [actually] in his house. - [Sifrei Mattoth 12] |
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בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ:
בִּרְשׁוּת אָבִיהָ וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵינָהּ בְּבֵיתוֹ (שם):
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| in her youth: Neither a minor nor an adult [above the age of twelve and a half], since a minor’s vows are invalid, and an adult is not under her father’s jurisdiction to revoke her vows. What is considered a minor? Our Rabbis said: A girl of eleven years and a day-her vows are examined. If she knew in whose name she vowed, or in whose name she consecrated something, her vow stands. From the age of twelve years and one day, she does not need to be tested. — [Niddah 45b] |
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בִּנְעֻרֶֽיהָ:
וְלֹא קְטַנָּה וְלֹא בוֹגֶרֶת, שֶׁהַקְּטַנָּה אֵין נִדְרָהּ נֶדֶר, וְהַבּוֹגֶרֶת אֵינָהּ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיהָ לְהָפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ; וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה? אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בַּת י"א שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרֶיהָ נִבְדָּקִין, אִם יָדְעָה לְשֵׁם מִי נָדְרָה וּלְשֵׁם מִי הִקְדִּישָׁה, נִדְרָהּ נֶדֶר, בַּת י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לִבָּדֵק:
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| 5if her father heard her vow or her prohibition which she has prohibited upon herself, yet her father remains silent, all her vows shall stand, and any prohibition that she has imposed upon herself shall stand. |
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הוְשָׁמַ֨ע אָבִ֜יהָ אֶת־נִדְרָ֗הּ וֶֽאֱסָרָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽסְרָ֣ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וְהֶֽחֱרִ֥ישׁ לָ֖הּ אָבִ֑יהָ וְקָ֨מוּ֙ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ וְכָל־אִסָּ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֽוּם: |
| 6But if her father hinders her on the day he hears it, all her vows and her prohibitions that she has imposed upon herself shall not stand. The Lord will forgive her because her father hindered her. |
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ווְאִם־הֵנִ֨יא אָבִ֣יהָ אֹתָהּ֘ בְּי֣וֹם שָׁמְעוֹ֒ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֗יהָ וֶֽאֱסָרֶ֛יהָ אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ לֹ֣א יָק֑וּם וַֽיהֹוָה֙ יִסְלַח־לָ֔הּ כִּֽי־הֵנִ֥יא אָבִ֖יהָ אֹתָֽהּ: |
| But if her father hinders her: Heb. הֵנִיא, if he prevented her from [fulfilling] the vow, that is to say, he revoked it. I would not know what this term of הַנָאָה [in the verse, הֵנִיא] means. However, when it says, “But if her husband hinders her on the day he heard it, he has revoked” (verse 9), I conclude that הִנָאָה means revocation. Literally, it is a term implying prevention and removal. Similarly, “Why do you discourage [lit., turn away (תְנִיאוּן) the people’s hearts]?” (32:7), and, “may the oil of the anointment of my head not turn my head away (יָנִי)” (Ps. 141:5); similarly, “thus you will come to know My alienation (תְּנוּאֲתִי)” (14:34), that you have turned away from Me. |
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וְאִם־הֵנִיא אָבִיהָ אֹתָהּ:
אִם מָנַע אוֹתָהּ מִן הַנֶּדֶר, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהֵפֵר לָהּ. הֲנָאָה זוֹ אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה הִיא, כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "וְאִם בְּיוֹם שְׁמֹעַ אִישָהּ יָנִיא אוֹתָהּ וְהֵפֵר" (פסוק ט') הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר הֲנָאָה זוֹ הֲפָרָה. וּפְשׁוּטוֹ לְשׁוֹן מְנִיעָה וַהֲסָרָה, וְכֵן "וְלָמָּה תְנִיאוּן" (במדבר ל"ב), וְכֵן "שֶׁמֶן רֹאשׁ אַל יָנִי רֹאשִׁי" (תהילים קמ"א), וְכֵן "וִידַעְתֶּם אֶת תְּנוּאָתִי" (במדבר י"ד) — אֶת אֲשֶׁר סַרְתֶּם מֵעָלַי:
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| and the Lord will forgive her: To what case does the verse refer? To a woman who took a nazarite vow, and her husband heard and revoked it for her without her knowledge. She then transgressed her vow by drinking wine and becoming unclean through contact with corpses-such [a woman] requires forgiveness even though it was revoked. And if those which have been revoked require forgiveness, all the more so those which have not been revoked. — [Sifrei Mattoth 17] |
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וה' יִסְלַח־לָהּ:
בַּמֶּה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר? בְּאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְנָזִיר וְשָׁמַע בַּעְלָהּ וְהֵפֵר לָהּ וְהִיא לֹא יָדְעָה וְעוֹבֶרֶת עַל נִדְרָהּ וְשׁוֹתָה יַיִן וּמִטַּמְּאָה לְמֵתִים, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁצְּרִיכָה סְלִיחָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מוּפָר, וְאִם הַמּוּפָרִין צְרִיכִים סְלִיחָה, קַל וָחֹמֶר לְשֶׁאֵינָן מוּפָרִים (עי' קידושין פ"א):
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| 7But if she is [betrothed] to a man, with her vows upon her or by an utterance of her lips which she has imposed upon herself, |
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זוְאִם־הָי֤וֹ תִֽהְיֶה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וּנְדָרֶ֖יהָ עָלֶ֑יהָ א֚וֹ מִבְטָ֣א שְׂפָתֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽסְרָ֖ה עַל־נַפְשָֽׁהּ: |
| If she is [betrothed] to a man: Heb. וְאִם הָיֹה תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ. This [refers to] a betrothed woman [i.e., אֲרוּסָה, the first stage of marriage, when the marriage ceremony has been performed, but the couple does not yet live together], or perhaps it refers to a married woman [נְשׂוּאָה, who lives already with her husband]? When [Scripture] says, “if she vowed in her husband’s house” (verse 11) it speaks of a married woman, so this must refer to a betrothed woman, and it comes to distinguish her [the betrothed woman from the married woman] in that both her father and husband [must] revoke her vows. If the father revoked it, but the husband did not revoke it, or if the husband revoked it, but the father did not revoke it, it is not revoked, and it goes without saying that if one of them upheld it. — [Ned. 67a] |
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וְאִם־הָיוֹ תִֽהְיֶה לְאִישׁ:
זוֹ אֲרוּסָה, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא נְשׂוּאָה? כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "וְאִם בֵּית אִישָׁהּ נָדָרָה" הֲרֵי נְשׂוּאָה אָמוּר, וְכָאן בַּאֲרוּסָה, וּבָא לַחֲלֹק בָּהּ שֶׁאָבִיהָ וּבַעְלָהּ מְפֵרִין נְדָרֶיהָ, הֵפֵר הָאָב וְלֹא הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל, אוֹ הֵפֵר הַבַּעַל וְלֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ מוּפָר, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם קִיֵּם אֶחָד מֵהֶם:
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| with her vows upon her: which she had vowed while in her father’s house, but her father had not heard them, so they were neither revoked nor upheld. — [Sifrei Mattoth 20] |
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וּנְדָרֶיהָ עָלֶיהָ:
שֶׁנָּדְרָה בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ, וְלֹא שָׁמַע בָּהֶן אָבִיהָ וְלֹא הוּפְרוּ וְלֹא הוּקְמוּ (עי' ספרי):
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| 8and her husband hears it but remains silent on the day he hears it, her vows shall stand, and her prohibition which she has imposed upon herself shall stand. |
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חוְשָׁמַ֥ע אִישָׁ֛הּ בְּי֥וֹם שָׁמְע֖וֹ וְהֶֽחֱרִ֣ישׁ לָ֑הּ וְקָ֣מוּ נְדָרֶ֗יהָ וֶֽאֱסָרֶ֛הָ אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֻֽמוּ: |
| and her husband heard…: Here you have the case that if the husband upholds it, it stands. - [Sifrei Mattoth 21] |
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וְשָׁמַע אִישָׁהּ וגו':
הֲרֵי לְךָ שֶׁאִם קִיֵּם הַבַּעַל שֶׁהוּא קַיָּם:
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| 9But if her husband hinders her on the day he heard it, he has revoked the vow she had taken upon herself and the utterance which she had imposed upon herself, and the Lord will forgive her. |
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טוְאִ֠ם בְּי֨וֹם שְׁמֹ֣עַ אִישָׁהּ֘ יָנִ֣יא אוֹתָהּ֒ וְהֵפֵ֗ר אֶת־נִדְרָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֵת֙ מִבְטָ֣א שְׂפָתֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽסְרָ֖ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֑הּ וַֽיהֹוָ֖ה יִסְלַח־לָֽהּ: |
| he has revoked the vow she had taken upon herself: I might think that even if the father had not revoked it [it is revoked]? Scripture therefore teaches, “in her youth, while in her father’s house” (verse 17); throughout her youth she is under her father’s jurisdiction. — [Sifrei Mattoth 31] |
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וְהֵפֵר אֶת־נִדְרָהּ:
יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הֵפֵר הָאָב, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר (פסוק י"ז) "בִּנְעֻרֶיהָ בֵּית אָבִיהָ" — כָּל שֶׁבִּנְעוּרֶיהָ בִּרְשׁוּת אָבִיהָ הִיא (ספרי שם):
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| 10As for the vow of a widow or a divorced woman, whatever she prohibited upon herself will remain upon her. |
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יוְנֵ֥דֶר אַלְמָנָ֖ה וּגְרוּשָׁ֑ה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָק֥וּם עָלֶֽיהָ: |
| whatever she prohibited upon herself will remain upon her: since she is neither under the jurisdiction of her father nor of her husband. Scripture refers to a widow from marriage, but if she is widowed from betrothal, as soon as her betrothed [husband] has died, she reverts to the jurisdiction of her father. — [Ned. 70a] |
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כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָה עַל־נַפְשָׁהּ יָקוּם עָלֶֽיהָ:
לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ לֹא בִרְשׁוּת אָב וְלֹא בִרְשׁוּת בַּעַל, וּבְאַלְמָנָה מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, אֲבָל אַלְמָנָה מִן הָאֵרוּסִין — מֵת הַבַּעַל נִתְרוֹקְנָה וְחָזְרָה רְשׁוּת לָאָב (נדרים ע'):
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| 11But if she vowed in her husband's house, or imposed a prohibition upon herself with an oath. |
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יאוְאִם־בֵּ֥ית אִישָׁ֖הּ נָדָ֑רָה אוֹ־אָֽסְרָ֥ה אִסָּ֛ר עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ בִּשְׁבֻעָֽה: |
| But if she made a vow in her husband’s house: Scripture refers to a married woman (נְשׂוּאָה). - [Sifrei Mattoth 25, Ned. 67a] |
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וְאִם־בֵּית אשה נָדָרָה:
בִּנְשׂוּאָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר (שם ס"ז):
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| 12and her husband heard and remained silent, and did not hinder her, all her vows shall stand, and every prohibition she imposed upon herself shall stand. |
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יבוְשָׁמַ֤ע אִישָׁהּ֙ וְהֶֽחֱרִ֣שׁ לָ֔הּ לֹ֥א הֵנִ֖יא אֹתָ֑הּ וְקָ֨מוּ֙ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ וְכָל־אִסָּ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָֽסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֽוּם: |
| 13If her husband revokes them on the day he hears them, anything issuing from her lips regarding her vows or self imposed prohibitions shall not stand; her husband has revoked them and the Lord shall forgive her. |
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יגוְאִם־הָפֵר֩ יָפֵ֨ר אֹתָ֥ם | אִישָׁהּ֘ בְּי֣וֹם שָׁמְעוֹ֒ כָּל־מוֹצָ֨א שְׂפָתֶ֧יהָ לִנְדָרֶ֛יהָ וּלְאִסַּ֥ר נַפְשָׁ֖הּ לֹ֣א יָק֑וּם אִישָׁ֣הּ הֲפֵרָ֔ם וַֽיהֹוָ֖ה יִסְלַח־לָֽהּ: |
| 14Any vow or any binding oath of self affliction, her husband can either uphold it or revoke it. |
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ידכָּל־נֵ֛דֶר וְכָל־שְׁבֻעַ֥ת אִסָּ֖ר לְעַנֹּ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ אִישָׁ֥הּ יְקִימֶ֖נּוּ וְאִישָׁ֥הּ יְפֵרֶֽנּוּ: |
| Any vow or any binding oath of self-affliction: Since it says that the husband may revoke, I might think this includes all vows? Scripture therefore says, “of self-affliction”-he can revoke only vows of self-affliction. They are delineated in Tractate Nedarim (79a). |
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כָּל־נֵדֶר וְכָל־שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר וגו':
לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר שֶׁהַבַּעַל מֵפֵר, יָכוֹל כָּל נְדָרִים בְמַשְׁמָע, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר לענת נפש — אֵינוֹ מֵפֵר אֶלָּא נִדְרֵי עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ בִּלְבַד, וְהֵם מְפֹרָשִׁים בְּמַסֶּ' נְדָרִים (דף ע"ט):
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| 15However, if her husband remained silent from day to day, he has upheld all the vows and prohibitions she has assumed; he has upheld them since he remained silent on the day he heard it. |
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טווְאִם־הַֽחֲרֵשׁ֩ יַֽחֲרִ֨ישׁ לָ֥הּ אִישָׁהּ֘ מִיּ֣וֹם אֶל־יוֹם֒ וְהֵקִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ א֥וֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֱסָרֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֑יהָ הֵקִ֣ים אֹתָ֔ם כִּי־הֶֽחֱרִ֥שׁ לָ֖הּ בְּי֥וֹם שָׁמְעֽוֹ: |
| from day to day: So that you should not say that [he has the power to revoke] for a twenty-four hour period, it says, “from day to day” to inform you that he may revoke only until nightfall. — [Ned. 76b] |
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מִיּוֹם אֶל־יוֹם:
שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר מֵעֵת לְעֵת, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר "מִיּוֹם אֶל יוֹם", לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁאֵין מֵפֵר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ (נדרים ע"ו):
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| 16If he revokes them after having heard [them], he shall bear her iniquity. |
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טזוְאִם־הָפֵ֥ר יָפֵ֛ר אֹתָ֖ם אַֽחֲרֵ֣י שָׁמְע֑וֹ וְנָשָׂ֖א אֶת־עֲוֹנָֽהּ: |
| after having heard them: After he heard and upheld [them], by saying, “I approve of it” and then he retracted and revoked it, even on that very day. — [Sifrei Mattoth 30] |
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אַֽחֲרֵי שָׁמְעוֹ:
אַחֲרֵי שֶׁשָּׁמַע וְקִיֵּם, שֶׁאָמַר אֶפְשִׁי בּוֹ, וְחָזַר וְהֵפֵר לָהּ אֲפִלּוּ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם:
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| he shall bear her iniquity: He takes her place. We learn from here that if someone causes his fellow to stumble, he bears his punishments in his place. — [Sifrei Mattoth 30] |
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וְנָשָׂא אֶת־עונה:
הוּא נִכְנָס תַּחְתֶּיהָ. לָמַדְנוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁהַגּוֹרֵם תַּקָּלָה לַחֲבֵרוֹ הוּא נִכְנָס תַּחְתָּיו לְכָל עֳנָשִׁין:
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| 17These are the statutes which the Lord commanded Moses concerning a man and his wife, a father and his daughter, in her youth, while in her father's house. |
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יזאֵ֣לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ אֶת־משֶׁ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ לְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ בֵּין־אָ֣ב לְבִתּ֔וֹ בִּנְעֻרֶ֖יהָ בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ: |
